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A dipeptide able to self-associate in aqueous solution as a transparent, thermoreversible gel formed by a network of fibrillar nanostructures that exhibit strong birefringence upon Congo red binding. L-Isoleucyl-L-phenylalanine and similar dipeptides may serve as models for studying the first steps of the aggregation/fibrillation of amyloid peptides.

"H-Ile-Phe-OH is a β-amyloid inhibitor that has been synthesized to interact with the amyloid protein. It is a peptidic molecule and may be able to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid proteins. This could be beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimers disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. H-Ile-Phe-OH has been shown to have chemotactic activity, which may be due to its ability to interact with the bacterial cell wall and cause it to release chemotactic substances. This molecule has also been shown to normalize birefringence in Caco-2 cells, which may be due to its ability to stabilize actin cytoskeleton strands."