400-998-5282
专注多肽 服务科研
400-998-5282
专注多肽 服务科研
编号：141322
CAS号：2022972-67-2
单字母：H2N-HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKdGGPSSGAPPPS-CONH2
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的定义
艾塞那肽是一类肽类物质，存在于吉拉巨蜥和墨西哥须蜥的唾液分泌物中，这两种爬行动物原产于亚利桑那州和墨西哥北部。艾塞那肽-3存在于墨西哥须蜥（Heloderma horridum）的唾液分泌物中，而艾塞那肽-4则存在于吉拉巨蜥（Heloderma suspectum）的唾液分泌物中【1】。
The exendins are peptides that are found in the salivary secretions of the Gila monster and the Mexican Bearded Lizard, reptiles that are endogenous to Arizona and Northern Mexico. Exendin-3 is present in the salivary secretions of Heloderma horridum (Mexican Beaded Lizard), and exendin-4 is present in the salivary secretions of Heloderm suspectum (Gila monster) 【1】.
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的相关肽
研究发现，与胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）结构相关的肽类——艾塞那肽-4和艾塞那肽（9-39）酰胺，在大鼠肝脏和骨骼肌中分别作为胰高血糖素样肽-1（7-36）酰胺对葡萄糖代谢影响的激动剂和拮抗剂发挥作用【2】。
The GLP-1 structurally related peptides exendin-4 and exendin (9-39) amide were found to act, in rat liver and skeletal muscle, as agonist and antagonist, respectively, of the GLP-1 (7-36) amide effects on glucose metabolism 【2】.
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的发现
1982年，人们观察到吉拉毒蜥（Heloderma suspectum）的粗毒液是一种强效的胰腺促分泌剂。通过对介导这种效应的活性因子进行纯化和测序，发现了肽类物质helodermin和exendin-4【3】。
In 1982, it was observed that the crude venom of the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum was a potent pancreatic secretagogue. Purification and sequencing of the active factors mediating this effect led to the discovery of the peptides helodermin and exendin-4 【3】.
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的结构特征
艾塞那肽与胰高血糖素样肽家族的几个成员具有一些序列相似性，其中与GLP-1[7-36] NH2的同源性最高，为53%【2】。通过对含有氨基末端组氨酸残基（His1）的肽进行氨基酸测序分析，从H. suspectum毒液中分离出一种由39个氨基酸组成的肽，即艾塞那肽-4。艾塞那肽-4与艾塞那肽-3的区别在于两个氨基酸的替换，即Gly2-Glu3取代了Ser2-Asp3，但在其他方面两者完全相同。结构上的差异使得艾塞那肽-4在生物活性上与艾塞那肽-3有所不同【4】
The exendins have some sequence similarity to several members of the glucagon-like peptide family, with the highest homology, 53%, being to GLP-1[7-36] NH2 【2】. An amino acid sequencing assay for peptides containing an amino-terminal histidine residue (His1) was used to isolate a 39-amino acid peptide, exendin-4, from H. suspectum venom. Exendin-4 differs from exendin-3 by two amino acid substitutions, Gly2-Glu3 in place of Ser2-Asp3, but is otherwise identical. The structural differences make exendin-4 distinct from exendin-3 in its bioactivity 【4】.
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的作用机制
在正常大鼠中，艾塞那肽-4（exendin-4）与胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和胰岛素一样，能增强葡萄糖摄取。这种作用在一定程度上由某些激酶（磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（PKB）、p70S6激酶（p70s6k）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs））介导，可能是由该肽至少部分通过肌肉GLP-1受体发挥作用引起的。艾塞那肽-9也刺激了除PKB以外的相同激酶，但未能改变基础葡萄糖摄取[5]。药理学研究报告表明，艾塞那肽-4在体外对某些胰岛素分泌细胞、豚鼠胰腺的分散腺泡细胞和胃的壁细胞上的GLP-1受体有作用；该肽还被报道能刺激生长抑素释放并抑制离体胃中的胃泌素释放。据报道，艾塞那肽-3和艾塞那肽-4可刺激胰腺腺泡细胞产生环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）并促进其释放淀粉酶【1】。
In normal rats, exendin-4, like GLP-1 and insulin, enhanced glucose uptake. This effect, which is mediated to a certain extent by some kinases (PI3K/ PKB, p70s6k and MAPKs), may be caused by the peptide acting, at least in part, through the muscle GLP-1 receptors. Exendin-9 also stimulated the same kinases, except for PKB, but failed to modify basal glucose uptake 5. Pharmacological studies have led to reports that exendin-4 can act at GLP-1 receptors in vitro on certain insulin-secreting cells, at dispersed acinar cells from guinea pig pancreas, and at parietal cells from stomach; the peptide is also reported to stimulate somatostatin release and inhibit gastrin release in isolated stomach. Exendin-3 and exendin-4 were reportedly found to stimulate cAMP production in, and amylase release from, pancreatic acinar cells【1】.
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的功能
与GLP-1（7-36）酰胺类似，毒蜥外泌肽-4可提高两种组织中的糖原合成酶活性以及葡萄糖向糖原的掺入，并刺激肌肉中外源性D-葡萄糖的利用和氧化。GLP-1（7-36）酰胺和毒蜥外泌肽-4的这些作用可被毒蜥外泌肽（9-39）酰胺2抑制。新型修饰毒蜥外泌肽和毒蜥外泌肽激动剂（其结构中有一个或多个聚乙二醇聚合物连接的毒蜥外泌肽或毒蜥外泌肽激动剂）以及相关产品和方法可用于治疗糖尿病，包括1型糖尿病、2型糖尿病和妊娠糖尿病；用于治疗可通过调节血浆葡萄糖水平或抑制胰高血糖素分泌的药物获益的疾病；用于治疗可通过给予调节胃排空速率或食物摄入的药物获益的疾病，包括肥胖症、进食障碍、胰岛素抵抗综合征和甘油三酯水平升高；以及用于治疗患有血脂异常的受试者。这些方法还可用于降低血浆脂质水平、降低心脏病风险、减少食欲和减轻受试者体重【1】。
Like GLP-1 (7-36) amide, exendin-4 increased glycogen synthase activity and glucose incorporation into glycogen in both tissues and also stimulated exogenous D -glucose utilization and oxidation in muscle. These effects of GLP-1(7-36) amide and exendin-4 were inhibited by exendin (9-39) amide 2. Novel modified exendins and exendin agonists having an exendin or exendin agonist linked to one or more polyethylene glycol polymers, and related products and methods are useful, for example, in the treatment of diabetes, including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, in the treatment of disorders which would be benefited by agents which modulate plasma glucose levels or suppress glucagon secretion, and in the treatment of disorders which would be benefited by the administration of agents useful in modulating the rate of gastric emptying or food intake, including obesity, eating disorders, insulin-resistance syndrome, and triglyceride levels, and to treat subjects suffering from dyslipidemia. The methods are also useful for lowering plasma lipid levels, reducing cardiac risk, reducing appetite, and reducing the weight of subjects【1】.
促胰岛素分泌肽(Exendins)的参考文献
1. Eng J, Andrews PC, Kleinman WA, Singh L, Raufman JP (1990). Purification and structure of exendin-3, a new pancreatic secretagogue isolated from Heloderma horridum venom. J Biol Chem., 265(33):20259-20262
2. Alcántara AI, Morales M, Delgado E, López-Delgado MI, Clemente F, Luque MA, Malaisse WJ, Valverde I, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML (1997). Exendin-4 Agonist and Exendin(9-39)amide Antagonist of the GLP-1(7-36)amide Effects in Liver and Muscle. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics., 341(1):1-7.
3. Pohl M, Wank SA (1998). Molecular cloning of the helodermin and exendin-4 cDNAs in the lizard. Relationship to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 and evidence against the existence of mammalian homologues. J Biol Chem., 273(16):9778-9784.
4. Eng J, Kleinman WA, Singh L, Singh G, Raufman JP (1992). Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J Biol Chem., 267(11):7402-7405.
5. Sancho V, Trigo MV, González N, Valverde I, Malaisse WJ, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML (2005). Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendins on kinase activity, glucose transport and lipid metabolism in adipocytes from normal and type-2 diabetic rats. J Mol Endocrinol., 35(1):27-38.
很多蛋白在细胞中非常容易被降解，或被标记，进而被选择性地破坏。但含有部分D型氨基酸的多肽则显示了很强的抵抗蛋白酶降解能力。
| DOI | 名称 | |
|---|---|---|
| 10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2002 | The long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases beta-cell mass in diabetic mice | 下载 |
| 10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00160-3 | The glucagon-like peptides: a double-edged therapeutic sword? | 下载 |
| 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705453 | A model for receptor-peptide binding at the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor through the analysis of truncated ligands and receptors | 下载 |
| 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01043-3 | The positive charge at Lys-288 of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is important for binding the N-terminus of peptide agonists | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s00125-004-1327-5 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis via activation of protein kinase B in pancreatic INS-1 beta cells | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s00125-005-1787-2 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects beta cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis and necrosis: role of protein kinase B | 下载 |
| 10.1172/JCI25764 | Brain glucagon-like peptide-1 increases insulin secretion and muscle insulin resistance to favor hepatic glycogen storage | 下载 |
| 10.1152/ajpgi.00453.2006 | Exendin-4, but not dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition, increases small intestinal mass in GK rats | 下载 |
| 10.1002/jnr.21483 | Peptide hormone exendin-4 stimulates subventricular zone neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain and induces recovery in an animal model of Parkinson's disease | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.10.001 | Protective effects of GLP-1 analogues exendin-4 and GLP-1(9-36) amide against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart | 下载 |
| 10.1038/bjp.2008.75 | Autonomic nervous system-dependent and -independent cardiovascular effects of exendin-4 infusion in conscious rats | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.04.007 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) and exendin-4 stimulate serotonin release in rat hypothalamus | 下载 |
| 10.1136/gut.2008.150870 | Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, protects cholangiocytes from apoptosis | 下载 |
| 10.2337/db08-0799 | Exendin-4 improves glycemic control, ameliorates brain and pancreatic pathologies, and extends survival in a mouse model of Huntington's disease | 下载 |
| 10.1677/JOE-08-0507 | Exendin-4 inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced iNOS expression at the protein level, but not at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, in RINm5F beta-cells | 下载 |
| 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.175067 | Vagally mediated effects of glucagon-like peptide 1: in vitro and in vivo gastric actions | 下载 |
| 10.2337/db09-0104 | Expression of the NH(2)-terminal fragment of RasGAP in pancreatic beta-cells increases their resistance to stresses and protects mice from diabetes | 下载 |
| 10.1152/ajprenal.00082.2009 | Regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exendin-4 in renal proximal tubule cells | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s00125-009-1611-5 | The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor is essential for postprandial lipoprotein synthesis and secretion in hamsters and mice | 下载 |
| 10.1210/en.2009-1272 | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists activate rodent thyroid C-cells causing calcitonin release and C-cell proliferation | 下载 |
| 10.1152/ajpregu.00275.2010 | Dose combinations of exendin-4 and salmon calcitonin produce additive and synergistic reductions in food intake in nonhuman primates | 下载 |
| 10.4155/bio.10.108 | Application of DBS for quantitative assessment of the peptide Exendin-4; comparison of plasma and DBS method by UHPLC-MS/MS | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s00125-010-2028-x | Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injury through its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood glucose level in a rat model of type 1 diabetes | 下载 |
| 10.1038/ijo.2011.126 | Exogenous peptide YY3-36 and Exendin-4 further decrease food intake, whereas octreotide increases food intake in rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass | 下载 |
| 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01332.x | Stimulating beta cell replication and improving islet graft function by GPR119 agonists | 下载 |
| 10.1038/ijo.2012.16 | Additive feeding inhibitory and aversive effects of naltrexone and exendin-4 combinations | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s12035-012-8239-z | Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) can reverse AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and S6 kinase (P70S6K) activities induced by fluctuations in glucose levels in hypothalamic areas involved in feeding behaviour | 下载 |
| 10.1172/JCI57256 | An anti-diabetes agent protects the mouse brain from defective insulin signaling caused by Alzheimer's disease- associated Aβ oligomers | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.06.007 | Postconditioning with curaglutide, a novel GLP-1 analog, protects against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury in an isolated rat heart | 下载 |
| 10.1074/jbc.M112.387316 | Euglycemic agent-mediated hypothalamic transcriptomic manipulation in the N171-82Q model of Huntington disease is related to their physiological efficacy | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.07.001 | Dual role of VAMP8 in regulating insulin exocytosis and islet β cell growth | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.005 | Induction of apolipoprotein A-I gene expression by glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4 in hepatocytes but not intestinal cells | 下载 |
| 10.1371/journal.pone.0056553 | Neonatal exendin-4 reduces growth, fat deposition and glucose tolerance during treatment in the intrauterine growth-restricted lamb | 下载 |
| 10.1172/JCI68295 | Exenatide and the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease | 下载 |
| 10.1371/journal.pone.0074033 | The expression of the beta cell-derived autoimmune ligand for the killer receptor nkp46 is attenuated in type 2 diabetes | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s12035-013-8630-4 | PAS kinase is a nutrient and energy sensor in hypothalamic areas required for the normal function of AMPK and mTOR/S6K1 | 下载 |
| 10.1111/bph.12498 | Characterization of the heterozygous glucokinase knockout mouse as a translational disease model for glucose control in type 2 diabetes | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.09.005 | GLP-1 receptor agonism ameliorates hepatic VLDL overproduction and de novo lipogenesis in insulin resistance | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.01.003 | Clic4, a novel protein that sensitizes β-cells to apoptosis | 下载 |
| 10.1371/journal.pone.0123443 | Evaluation of ¹¹¹in-labelled exendin-4 derivatives containing different meprin β-specific cleavable linkers | 下载 |
| 10.1007/s00125-015-3727-0 | Central GLP-1 receptor signalling accelerates plasma clearance of triacylglycerol and glucose by activating brown adipose tissue in mice | 下载 |
| 10.1371/journal.pone.0142314 | CCK Response Deficiency in Synphilin-1 Transgenic Mice | 下载 |
| 10.1038/cddis.2015.399 | Inhibition of the MAP3 kinase Tpl2 protects rodent and human β-cells from apoptosis and dysfunction induced by cytokines and enhances anti-inflammatory actions of exendin-4 | 下载 |
| 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90204-6 | Stable expression of the rat GLP-I receptor in CHO cells: activation and binding characteristics utilizing GLP-I(7-36)-amide, oxyntomodulin, exendin-4, and exendin(9-39) | 下载 |
| 10.2337/diabetes.51.5.1443 | Persistent improvement of type 2 diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat model by expansion of the beta-cell mass during the prediabetic period with glucagon-like peptide-1 or exendin-4 | 下载 |
| 10.1677/joe.1.06723 | cAMP-mediated signaling normalizes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in uncoupling protein-2 overexpressing beta-cells | 下载 |
| 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01066.x | Long-term exendin-4 treatment delays natural deterioration of glycaemic control in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats | 下载 |
| 10.1002/jcp.22243 | Presence of a functional receptor for GLP-1 in osteoblastic cells, independent of the cAMP-linked GLP-1 receptor | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.006 | Chronic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improves trabecular bone mass and architecture in ovariectomised mice | 下载 |
| 10.1371/journal.pone.0147254 | Identification of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide as a BACE2 Substrate | 下载 |
| 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.04.008 | Limiting glucocorticoid secretion increases the anorexigenic property of Exendin-4 | 下载 |
多肽H2N-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-DAsp-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2的合成步骤：
1、合成MBHA树脂：取若干克的MBHA树脂（如初始取代度为0.5mmol/g）和1倍树脂摩尔量的Fmoc-Linker-OH加入到反应器中，加入DMF，搅拌使氨基酸完全溶解。再加入树脂2倍量的DIEPA，搅拌混合均匀。再加入树脂0.95倍量的HBTU，搅拌混合均匀。反应3-4小时后，用DMF洗涤3次。用2倍树脂体积的10%乙酸酐/DMF 进行封端30分钟。然后再用DMF洗涤3次，甲醇洗涤2次，DCM洗涤2次，再用甲醇洗涤2次。真空干燥12小时以上，得到干燥的树脂{Fmoc-Linker-MHBA Resin}，测定取代度。这里测得取代度为 0.3mmol/g。结构如下图：
2、脱Fmoc：取2.28g的上述树脂，用DCM或DMF溶胀20分钟。用DMF洗涤2遍。加3倍树脂体积的20%Pip/DMF溶液，鼓氮气30分钟，然后2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤5次。得到 H2N-Linker-MBHA Resin 。（此步骤脱除Fmoc基团，茚三酮检测为蓝色，Pip为哌啶）。结构图如下：
3、缩合：取2.05mmol Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH 氨基酸，加入到上述树脂里，加适当DMF溶解氨基酸，再依次加入4.1mmol DIPEA，1.95mmol HBTU。反应30分钟后，取小样洗涤，茚三酮检测为无色。用2倍树脂体积的DMF 洗涤3次树脂。（洗涤树脂，去掉残留溶剂，为下一步反应做准备）。得到Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin。氨基酸：DIPEA：HBTU：树脂=3：6：2.85：1（摩尔比）。结构图如下：
4、依次循环步骤二、步骤三，依次得到
H2N-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-Gly-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
H2N-Gly-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
Fmoc-His(Trt)-Gly-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin
以上中间结构，均可在专肽生物多肽计算器-多肽结构计算器中，一键画出。
最后再经过步骤二得到 H2N-His(Trt)-Gly-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Leu-Ser(tBu)-Lys(Boc)-Gln(Trt)-Met-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Val-Arg(Pbf)-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Trp(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-DAsp(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Linker-MBHA Resin，结构如下：
5、切割：6倍树脂体积的切割液（或每1g树脂加8ml左右的切割液），摇床摇晃 2小时，过滤掉树脂，用冰无水乙醚沉淀滤液，并用冰无水乙醚洗涤沉淀物3次，最后将沉淀物放真空干燥釜中，常温干燥24小试，得到粗品H2N-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-DAsp-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2。结构图见产品结构图。
切割液选择：1）TFA：H2O=95%：5%
2）TFA：H2O：TIS=95%：2.5%：2.5%
3）三氟乙酸：茴香硫醚：1，2-乙二硫醇：苯酚：水=87.5%：5%：2.5%：2.5%：2.5%
（前两种适合没有容易氧化的氨基酸，例如Trp、Cys、Met。第三种适合几乎所有的序列。）
6、纯化冻干：使用液相色谱纯化，收集目标峰液体，进行冻干，获得蓬松的粉末状固体多肽。不过这时要取小样复测下纯度 是否目标纯度。
7、最后总结：
杭州专肽生物技术有限公司（ALLPEPTIDE https://www.allpeptide.com）主营定制多肽合成业务，提供各类长肽，短肽，环肽，提供各类修饰肽，如：荧光标记修饰（CY3、CY5、CY5.5、CY7、FAM、FITC、Rhodamine B、TAMRA等），功能基团修饰肽（叠氮、炔基、DBCO、DOTA、NOTA等），同位素标记肽（N15、C13），订书肽（Stapled Peptide）,脂肪酸修饰肽（Pal、Myr、Ste），磷酸化修饰肽（P-Ser、P-Thr、P-Tyr），环肽（酰胺键环肽、一对或者多对二硫键环），生物素标记肽，PEG修饰肽，甲基化修饰肽等。
以上所有内容，为专肽生物原创内容，请勿发布到其他网站上。
