[ 1 ]‎ Nanjing Normal Univ, Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Funct Mat, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Biofunct Mat, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020,133,116091

Nanopore technology emerges as an important experimental tool for monitoring chemical changes at molecular level, from nanopore blockade sensors for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules to real-time DNA sequencing. The explosion of numerous studies on nanopore technology is primarily based on the easy access to changes on the characteristic current created by sensing the transport of molecules through nanopore or measuring specific interactions between analytes and active sites modified on the nanoscale hole. This review surveys that the biological nanopores have monitored biological and chemical processes at single-molecule level in real-time. Molecule-level chemical processes including self-assemble processes, structural changes, enzymatic reactions, and isomerization reactions are summarized. Bond-level chemical reactions such as coordination interactions and the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds are also discussed in detail.